Nineteenth-Century Jewish Civil Records In Southern Germany
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Sometimes a pastor would alter a Jewish-sounding given name to a more German form in his copy. When issued, certificates usually were additional to register entries. Birth, marriage, and death registers generally followed the same style within a given community or region. Typically, registers were maintained by the rabbi in those communities that could afford one.
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Separate Jewish civil records were kept up to about 1876. After that time, vital records for Gentiles and Jews were kept jointly. Although most original Jewish civil records from the 19th century appear lost, microfilmed copies of many of them survived in the Leipzig and Gatermann films. Baden-Wuerttemberg and some Bavarian records are accessible online. Most can be found in the respective state and district archives.
In the absence of a resident rabbi, a Jewish parochial school teacher or a community leader was responsible for keeping the register. These were issued by the civil authorities for a given event and person, and issued in addition to the creation of register entries. Prior to about 1830, records were written with quill pens. While they had a somewhat idiosyncratic ink flow, quills made it easy to identify the direction of the stroke. Pointed steel nibs from England were introduced in 1830, which accentuated the spiky nature of the Gothic Current. In 1907, the broadheaded nib was invented, again giving the script a more prominent stroke direction.
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If you are thinking about sending sympathy flowers to a family who may have a loved one here, you can send out funeral blossoms to Huntoon Funeral Home now. A further level of complexity results from the variable spelling of Jewish surnames in the first half of the 19th century. At different times, the same person may have been recorded either as Levi or as Levy. The same is true of Cohn, Cohen, and Kahn; Schnaddicher and Schnaittacher, and Buttenwieser and Buddewiser are used interchangeably. In the second half of the 19th century, the desire for assimilation led some German Jews to change their given names from biblical or other, typically Jewish names to names they regarded as more elegant alternatives.
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Typically, at the end of a volume, the author of the records created alphabetical indexes of births, marriages, and deaths by page and/or item number. Depending on how well the rabbi did know German, the initial death record also may have been written in Hebrew, with the date given in both Hebrew and Gregorian notation. Mostly, however, the column categories and their order are somewhat idiosyncratic, reflecting local customs and the record keepers’ preferences.
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Family and given names of the principal person and the actual date of the event always appear, but not necessarily in a consistent order. The recording of some specific information was prescribed by the authorities. Separate ledger style record books extending over many years were kept by type of event.
Figure 3, shown on the next page, is an example of a ledger record. Most Jewish genealogists researching their European ancestry eventually confront 19th-century civil records, but the variety of types and forms of such documents may be confusing. In addition, Jewish civil records vary somewhat from those of their Gentile neighbors.
Needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding. In addition to the original registers kept by the rabbis, a second copy, kept by the local pastor of the dominant local church, commonly existed. These were copied, usually once a year, from the rabbi’s original. Frequently, the clergy possessed superior penmanship, at least during the first half of the century.
The earliest civil records for Jews of southern Germany appear towards the end of the 18th century. Prior to this time, only tax records, property lists, and court records documented the presence of individual Jews. Jewish family books exist for the first half of the 19th century.
To make sense of the content of Jewish civil records, researchers need to understand the structure, history, legal basis, and fate of the records. This article focuses on Jewish records from Bavaria and Wuerttemberg, but much of its content applies also to other areas in Germany and Austria. Should you be interested in preplanning your funeral service, you can be sure your legacy will be guarded and that you may have peace of mind.
These lists show the old, patronymic name in one column and the new civil name in the second column. Name adoption lists from Baden were collected by the genealogist and historian Berthold Rosenthal and now are housed at the Leo Baeck Institute in New York. Name adoption lists are being transcribed by Wolfgang Fritsche and are available on the Internet at www.a-h-b.de/ AHB/links_e.htm. These laws applied initially not only to Austria proper but also to Bavaria, Bohemia, Galicia, Moravia, and other parts of the Hapsburg Empire. The laws and regulations prescribed a tabular form for the civil records. Under the Josephine laws, Jewish girls could marry only if they had completed grade school.13 Although this law may have been intended as a hurdle to marriage in order to limit the growth of the Jewish population, it had an unexpected consequence.
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Over the years, Gothic script evolved somewhat differently in different regions. Consequently, depending on the region and the scribe, the same character may appear totally different. To be able to help you get in touch with Huntoon Funeral Home or if you need the address pertaining to Huntoon Funeral Home, the information is listed above. The florists near Huntoon Funeral Home have got a wonderful and diverse collection of wreaths, bouquets, and baskets to help share your compassion for the family.
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